How Cognitive Training Can Support Attention in SEND Students

Every learner processes information differently. For students with Special

Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND), differences in attention and focus are

often linked to how the brain develops and manages information, not motivation or ability.

Cognitive training is one approach that can help support attention by strengthening the brain skills that underpin learning, regulation, and engagement.

What Is Cognitive Training?

Cognitive training refers to structured activities designed to strengthen specific brain functions. These functions support how learners:

• Focus and sustain attention

• Process information

• Remember instructions

• Regulate emotions

• Solve problems

Cognitive training does not aim to “fix” children. Instead, it helps build

skills gradually, in ways that are supportive, adaptive, and personalised.

How the Brain Processes Information

Learning involves several interconnected cognitive domains. These

include:

1. Cognition

Cognition covers how information is received, processed, and organised.

Attention sits at the centre of cognition, acting as the gateway to learning.

2. Memory

Memory allows learners to store and recall information. Strong attention supports

memory by helping information be encoded effectively.

3. Evaluation and Problem Solving

This domain involves reasoning, decision-making, and applying knowledge. Attention helps learners follow steps and stay engaged with complex tasks.

4. Creativity

Creativity supports flexible thinking, idea generation, and making connections. Many SEND students show strong creative thinking when attention and regulation are supported.

Cognitive training often targets attention first, because it supports all other domains.

Why Attention Can Be Challenging for SEND Students

Attention differences in SEND students may be linked to:

• Sensory processing differences

• Anxiety or emotional overload

• Executive functioning differences

• Fatigue from increased cognitive effort

• Difficulty filtering competing information

These differences are neurological , not behavioural.

How Cognitive Training Supports Attention

Cognitive training supports attention by:

• Practising sustained focus in short, achievable sessions

• Reducing cognitive overload

• Strengthening executive function skills

• Encouraging gradual progress without pressure

Training is most effective when it is structured, predictable, and engaging.

Examples of Cognitive Training Activities

Cognitive training does not always require specialist equipment. Supportive activities can include:

• Attention-building games

• Sequencing and pattern tasks

• Memory matching activities

• Mindfulness and breathing exercises

• Technology-based cognitive tools (used thoughtfully)

The goal is consistency and quality, not intensity.

Supporting Cognitive Training at Home and in School

Effective support includes:

• Short, regular practice sessions

• Clear goals and encouragement

• Movement breaks to support regulation

• Low-distraction environments

Cognitive training works best alongside inclusive teaching, emotional support, and

strong relationships.

Avoiding Stigma: A Strength-Based Approach

Cognitive training should never be framed as “correcting deficits.” Instead, it should:

• Recognise individual learning profiles

• Build on strengths

• Respect pace and well-being

• Support confidence and independence

When students feel safe and understood, attention improves naturally.

Supporting attention through cognitive training offers a positive, empowering

approach for SEND students. By understanding how the brain processes information and providing targeted support, educators and families can help learners engage more confidently with learning.